Dutch gag

Dutch gag / continental four ring snaffle. This is a loose ring bit with distinct sidepieces composed, despite its name, of four rings. You attach the cheekpiece to the tiny top ring; then you can attach the rein to the big snaffle ring (the one that's connected to the mouthpiece) for minimal effect, the second (small) ring for moderate effect, or the third (bottom) ring for maximum effect. (Some riders attach a rein to the snaffle ring and another to the bottom ring, as on a Pelham; I prefer a single rein because it is easier to use.) The bit works by providing: Leverage. When you pull back on one of the lower rings with the rein, the top ring levers forward and pulls the cheekpiece down, which applies pressure to the horse's poll and encourages him to lower his head. Lift. As you pull on the reins, the mouthpiece rides up the snaffle ring in an elevating action. When combined with a strong leg pushing the horse forward into the bridle, it helps to balance him off his forehand. (This effect can be increased by the style of mouthpiece--it's normally smooth but can be a stronger slow-twist or even a custom design.) Turning power. The sidepieces function like the shanks of a full-cheek snaffle, helping to steer the horse by pressing against the outside of his face in a turn.